Introduction
This essay will discuss the tourism
industry, the development of contemporary tourism, positive and negatives of
tourism regarding the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural impacts of
tourism; in the end, this essay will discuss the future impact of tourism
Tourism is the cultural, social,
and economic phenomenon that can be defined as the movement of the people to
the different countries and places outside of their own country and environment
for business and personal purposes. These people are called tourists. Tourism
is mostly done for leisure purposes which can be done domestically or outside
the country. Statistic figures suggest that tourism is at the highest level
during the good economic periods and vice versa during the bad economic period.
Tor cannot be for more than one year because it is aligned with the short-term
movement for the leisure purpose hence the students for the long-term study
purposes to the different countries or places cannot be regarded as tourists
Development of contemporary tourism and their significant factors
Tourism is one of the largest
industries and the economies of many countries are boosted by this industry.
The major development in the tourism industry was drawn by the following
strategies,
·
The adoption of the legislation
·
Privatizing the tourist facilities
·
Automation
·
Mobile Bookings
·
Personalization
·
Sustainable Tourism
·
Transformative Travel
·
Experience Tourism
There were established marketing
and management organizations at the local, regional, and national levels,
adopting proactive rather than reactive policies (Cooper, 2022). Furthermore, tourism cannot be defined in the
isolation from climate change but it needs to be seen from a wider perspective
by considering the factors like social, economic, and environmental development.
The below figure shows the total contribution of the tourism to GDP for
the UK,
Tourism contribution to GDP is
continuously increasing, but due to the COVID-19, in 2010 its GDP is significantly
decreasing.
Tourism should be planned in a way
that helps in bringing sustainability the reality is that sustainability workers
receive less priority from the decision-makers during the policy formation during
the difficult economic periods. Hence it is important to consider the environmental
and social aspects while making the strategies for tourism (Voronkova, 2021). Sustainable
development should be understood from the economic point of view as sustainable
countries are economically sound and developed.
Sustainable tourism promoters just
focus on the sustainability of the destination of the tourists ignoring the
impacts of the air travel on the destinations which ultimately negatively
impacts the environment. The destination uses elements for sustainability the
other ecological impacts are bigger like the emission of the flights (Streimikiene, 2021). Hence the tourism
industry has developed a lot but still, there is a lot of gap between the
desired and achieved performance because still, they need to reduce the
negative environmental effects and work for a better experience for the
customers.
Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism
There are many positive and
negative impacts of tourism on the economy. The struggle should be for
maximizing the positive effects and minimizing the negative effects
Contribution to the government revenues
One of the positive impacts of the
tourism is that it increases revenues of the government in a way that will
increase the foreign exchange earnings because when the tourists of the other
countries will visit the other countries that will eventually increase the
foreign exchange earnings will lead to the higher government revenues.
Furthermore, the generated income
from tourism can be reinvested in the economic development of the other sectors
of the country hence tourism can support the overall development of the economy.
Moreover, this depends on the choices of the countries in how they invest and
on what they invest their money can differ significantly depending on the need.
It is possible that one country has the airline sector weaker and the other has
the textile sector weaker based on that they will reinvest their incomes
generated from the tourism sector.
Employment
generation
The other positive impact of
tourism is that it generates employment like park managers and hotel managers
tourism creates 7% of the world’s employment hence tourism generates huge
employment opportunities.
Negative impacts of the tourism
Infrastructure cost
One of the negative impacts of
tourism is the infrastructure cost, when developing the tourism infrastructure
can cost the local government and the taxpayers a great amount of money.
Dependence on the tourism
Another negative impact is too much
dependence of the local communities of the countries on the tourism sector, and
they take the great risk of investing a lot of money in it and expect it to
generate revenues which it always does not.
Positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism
The environment is friendly when it
is used to the level at which it can bear but when the particular place is
surrounded by people more than its capacity then it would be destroyed and will
show the negative reactions. Furthermore, tourism can have the pressure on the
natural resource when the consumption of the resource is done at a huge level
where there is an already scarce resource.
Financial contribution
Tourism can contribute to the areas
that are more sensitive like they can pay the fee for the protection of the
areas, they can operate the parks and they can increase the trees plantation.
These kinds of environmental protection activities can further promote tourism
places.
Improved environmental management and planning
The tourism planners and the
managers work for the facilities that increase the benefits for the local areas
but this needs careful planning and development by analyzing the resources in
the particular areas. Careful analysis will help to see the previous mistakes
and the good points, in this way the planning would be much better than the
previous one.
Water
Especially the fresh water is a
critical resource, it is generally viewed that the tourism sector uses the
water in the much quantity for the swimming pools, hotels, and the personal
usage. This can reduce the water and create a shortage. Many children waste and
through the water at each other which damages the environment. Currently, water
is the one of major issues because in many parts of the world people are even
don’t have drinking use.
Climate change
Scientists are suggesting that the
temperature of the earth has been increasing so rapidly that has been creating
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which is trapping much more heat. Hence
there is a great need for sustainability that must be put under consideration
while planning for tourism.
Positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism
Socio-cultural is one of the factors
that have a great impact on tourism so it is important for understanding the
tourism industry. There the positive and negative impacts of it on the tourism
are discussed below.
Strengthening the communities
Tourism can be one of the factors
that help in s the communities, the events, and the festival of that particular
local community. Furthermore, it also enables you to promote the local cultures
of the particular community.
Commercialization of the art and culture
Tourism can help in rising the many
commercial businesses because whenever one business starts it increase the sale
for others as well, furthermore, people also promote the businesses that they
have got in their heritage from their parents, hence this can further help in
enhancing the cultures and the arts of the particular community. Moreover, this
will also increase the disposable income of the people which will ultimately
boost the economy.
These businesses will also help in
showcasing the customs and the tradition of the particular community that would
preserve and retain them for more decades.
There is a cost of socio-culture to
communities because of tourism. Some of the negative impacts are the changing
values, increased gambling and crime, social changes, changes in the moral
behaviors, changes in the family roles and the behaviors and which results in
the overall destruction of the heritage.
Social change can be defined as the
changes in the bios and the way society reacts. Unfortunately, there are a huge
number of social changes that communities bear because tourism is not liked.
Because everyone loves to follow and practice his/her own values and the
behaviors.
The common examples of the cultural
changes in the dress codes and the introduction of alcohol in the communities
where it is discouraged.
Conclusion
As discussed, tourism is increasing
day by day, and with that, the contemporary developments and the opportunism
are also increasing.
Furthermore, the world is rapidly
becoming globalized because countries have been doing the trade and the things
are exported and imported. Hence everybody is losing their individuality. And
the personal values and the customs have been changing because of tourism. There have been many problems rising like
climate change, and carbon emissions which are severe issues that must be efficiently
dealt with by planning and development.
Before the COVID-19, the world was
significantly moving in terms of tourism which was ultimately giving rise to
the problems related to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural issues.
After the COVID-19, the tourism industry was affected the most than any other
industry and it would take more time in recovering than any other industry.
Hence the future of tourism is more alarming after the tourism but the good
effect of that would be, it would reduce the environmental, economic, and
socio-cultural negative effects.